In Greek there is the word "scolios", which translates as "wrong".In this word, doctors indicate the curvature of the spine.In addition, it is not all curvature, that is, the side deviation of the vertical axis of the spine.The fact is that normally our spine is not entirely uniform.The bends available in front and rear (Lordoses and Kyphosis) protect our spine from excessive loads while keeping the body in a specific position when moving and carrying weights.Negative processes in our body develop only in cases where these lips and lords are expressed in exceeding the permitted rule.
The main problems
However, even a small degree of side turns (scoliosis) of the spine is always a pathology.And the point is not only in a cosmetic defect.Although a characteristic repulsive appearance with intense or progressive scoliosis is always a tragedy for a person who seeks to live a complete life of high quality.This is especially true for young boys and girls.Indeed, a significant portion of scoliosis was diagnosed during children and youth (up to 15 - 16 years).
The main problem is that due to the change in the shaping and volume of the chest with intense side curvature, the internal organs always suffer (heart, lungs, stomach, liver, intestines, large boats).In men, physical activity tolerance is reduced, women have problems with conception, with pregnancy and childbirth.In addition, very often the lateral deformation of the spine is only the superficial part of the iceberg, which is an indication of a much more serious pathology - tumor, tuberculosis, endocrine disorders.
Reasons
So why is the spine deform?Before answering the question, you should decide on the types of scoliosis.At its core, scoliosis can be structural and non -structural.Structural scoliosis develops due to anatomical changes in the structure of the vertebrae bone tissue, as well as the muscles, nerve and ligaments nearby.Such curvies can be acquired and relatives, and about a quarter of all diagnosed scoliosis represents the latter.
Among the main reasons for the development of structural scoliosis, distinguish:
- The tissues of intrauterine development leading to dysplastic disorders of one or more vertebrals
- Congenital breast growth abnormalities - lack of ribs, additional ribs
- Congenital Pathology of connective tissue - neuroimification, Marfan syndrome
- Brain failure due to the cerebral paralysis of children (cerebral palsy), leading to a violation of the injection of certain parts of the spine
- Osteoporosis (bone -in view) of spine in rickets, diseases of parathyroid glands, lack of calcium intake with food
- Vertebral osteomyelitis
- Dystrophic changes in cervical, thoracic and lumbar muscles
- Tuberculosis damage to the vertebrae
- Injuries to the spine
- Spine tumors.
Non -structural scoliosis, as the name itself shows, are the side deviations of the spine axis with the unchanged vertebrae structure.As a rule, this scoliosis is more frequently acquired, with the exception of cases where curvature has a compensatory nature with congenital anatomical defects of the basin or lower extremities.The causes of this scoliosis are more often:
- Pelvic injuries and lower extremities
- Congenital defects of pelvis and lower extremities
- Continuous inappropriate attitude to students
- Internal organs with asymmetric pain syndrome
- Muscle Inflammation (Myosites)
- Burns, soft scars on one side.
In these cases, to eliminate the curvature of the spine, it is sufficient to cure the underlying disease and therefore many non -structural scoliosis are easily reversible.In this respect, some doctors tend not to calculate non -deformation for scoliosis in general.
Recently, cases of developing scoliosis with vague causes have become more common.This is SO -called idiopathic scoliosis.It occurs in the years of youth during the period of rapid body development.In addition, girls suffer from idiopathic scoliosis several times more often than young people.Obviously, this is due to the relatively weak muscles of the back of the female, which is not able to encompass the spine in a complete muscle frame.An unbalanced diet with low calcium salts and a general passion for youth with carbonated drinks plays the last role in the development of idiopathic scoliosis.As you know, carbon dioxide in bubbles and orthophosphoric acid in synthetic inclusions helps to rinse calcium salts by the body.
Varieties and grades
Depending on the detection, scoliosis can be cervical, chest, lumbar or mixed (cervical, lumbar).It is possible to have one or more curvature arches.In this respect, the C -shaped scoliosis (with 1 arc), the shape S (with 2 ARCS) and Z (with 3 ARCS) are distinguished.Most likely, the presence of 2 or 3 arcs is compensatory.With C -shaped scoliosis, the spine column axis deviates.In an attempt to offset this, the spine turns in the opposite direction.In this respect, scoliosis is divided into compensated and non -compensated.In the offset curvature of the spine, a vertical line was reduced by the 7th cervical vertebra passing through the aspect between the buttocks.
The curvature of the spine is often combined.For example, in the thoracic area, in addition to the lateral curvature, there is a pathological spin, or just a blow.In these cases, speaking of a thoracic cylor.In addition, with high degrees of scoliosis, in addition to the side shift of the vertebrae, Thuria is noted.In a literal translation, this means twist.Indeed, with many scoliosis, the vertebral bone tissue turns along the vertical axis.
Depending on the size of the angle of the curvature of curvature, 4 degrees of scoliosis are distinguished:
- 1 grade- The angle of curvature does not exceed 10 degrees.Eye asymmetry is not practically determined.The dog, the uneven level of the shoulder belt, pays attention.
- 2 degrees- The angle of curvature is from 11 to 25 degrees.To this extent, the vertebrae have already been noted.There is an asymmetry of the shoulder belt and pelvis that is visible to the eye.Due to the abnormal muscle intensity, a muscle cylinder is formed in the lumbar region on the hollow side and in the chest-with convex area.
- 3 degrees- WRTIFICATION is from 26 to 50 degrees.Visible breast deformation - the west of intercostal spaces C on the hollow side of curvature and swelling with curved.Abdominal impairment, the formation of an inner fatage.
- 4 degrees- The angle of curvature exceeds 50 degrees.A cosmetic defect and all previous signs are expressed.Low tolerance of even minor physical activity.In addition to the musculoskeletal system, the internal organs suffer.
The angle can vary depending on the position of the body, while a constant and unstable scoliosis is distinguished.With unstable scoliosis, it is reduced to the location when the load is reduced to the spine column.With a steady curvature of the spine, this value remains unchanged.
Symptoms
Recently, orthopedists often use the term "scoliotic disease".And indicate a complex of negative changes that occur in the body during the curvature of the spine.As a rule, scoliosis disease develops in childhood and adolescence during the formation of the musculoskeletal system.At the moment, there is a high chance that scoliosis will proceed.
Obviously, intervertebral discs play an important role in increasing the angle of curvature.With a side shift, the disc experiences uneven pressure from the vertebral bodies.On the hollow side, this pressure is greater, with convex.As a result, the disc leaves even further from scoliosis, a pathological tension of the muscles (muscle cylinder) and the spondes to be distorted - all leading to the appearance of garden discs and a further increase in the angle of curvature.
Together with the spine with a scolie disease, the chest changes second.The so -called rib Hump is formed - on the curved side of curvature, the intercostal spaces extend from the hollow - on the contrary, sowing.With the 4th degree scoliosis, the deformation of the chest is so intense that the lower ribs on the side of curvature come into contact with the hare bone rowing.
Due to the severe breast deformation, it is difficult for a complete excursion during breathing.As a result, the body with severe scoliosis does not receive the required amount of oxygen - SO - called chronic hypoxia develops in violation of all metabolic processes in the body.The pathology is exacerbated by the fact that the internal volume and the shape of the change of the chest cavity.Because of this, blood circulation through the vessels is disturbed, the lungs suffer, the shape of the heart changes, chronic cardiovascular deficiency.
Similar changes occur in the abdominal organs for lumbar and lumbar scoliosis.The drip elements of the stomach and intestines are reduced by subsequent enzymatic digestive glands.All of this aggravates only metabolic disorders.These violations often lead to late sexual maturation of boys and girls.In addition, due to lumbar scoliosis, the basin is a curve for the second time.This creates problems for future mothers with pregnancy and childbirth.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of scoliosis, especially high grades, as a rule, is not difficult.To detect spine deformation, a common visual examination is often enough.The visible curvature of the spine contours, shoulder zone asymmetry, shoulder angles, secondary curvature of the pelvis and reduction of the lower extremity on the side of curvature are remarkable.
At least one of these signs are indicated by spine radiography.The x -ray determines the configuration, degree and detection of curvature.During the inspection and radiological examination, it is possible to determine if scoliosis is offset and constant.Recently, a quality new method of spinal imaging (MRI) research has spread, during which a three -dimensional image of the spine can be taken on the screen.With significant curves, it is necessary to explore the work of the internal organs - to perform a spirometry, electography and an ultrasound of the heart and internal organs.
Treatment
The treatment of scoliosis can be done both preservatively and immediately.Conservative methods include drugs, massage, physiotherapeutic processes and manual therapy.It should be borne in mind that the final spine formation ends up to the age of 20 and after this age, correction of curvature is almost impossible.With 1-2 degree scoliosis, efforts are intended to achieve the original, normal spine configuration.With the intense scoliosis of the 3rd - 4th degree, this is impossible, the main thing here is to stabilize the spine and prevent the evolution of scoliosis.
Medicines (chondroproteters, vitamins, general reinforcement drugs) in the treatment of scoliosis only play an auxiliary role.To enhance the muscles, eliminate muscle cylinder and even to a large extent to stabilize the spine with the help of massage and manual treatment.A good result is given by physiotherapy exercises.But here, with inadequate physical activity, spine instability is enhanced and scoliosis progresses.Therefore, a set of exercises is developed for each patient individually, taking into account the identification and severity of curvature.With a high degree of scoliosis, running, power exercises, jumps, outdoor toys are contraindicated.
A very good result gives a correction from the position - the optimal attitude that contributes to normalizing the attitude of the attitude is created.Therefore, special devices are used, orthopedic cribs in which young patients spend a significant part of their time.With the ineffectiveness of conservative measures, the evolution of curvature, the surgical treatment aimed at stabilizing the spine is indicated.Surgical correction does not occur in early childhood, performed in adolescence when the spinal formation is almost completed.